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Apoptotic Effect of Co-Treatment with Chios Gum Mastic and Eugenol on SCC25 Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line

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¼ÕÇöÁø ( Sohn Hyeon-Jin ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
¿¹º´È£ ( Yea Byeong-Ho ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
±èÀηɠ( Kim In-Ryoung ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
¹ÚºÀ¼ö ( Park Bong-Soo ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
Á¤¼ö¹Î ( Jeong Su-Min ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡ÀÇÇÐÀü¹®´ëÇпø ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç
¾È¿ë¿ì ( An Yong-U ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç
°í¸í¿¬ ( Ko Myung-Yun ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç

Abstract

Chios gum mastic (CGM)Àº ±×¸®À̽º Å°¿À½º ¼¶¿¡¼­¸¸ ÀÚ»ýÇÏ´Â Pistiacia lentiscus L. var. Chia.ÀÇ ÀÙ°ú ÁÙ±â·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃßÃâµÇ¾îÁø ½Ä¹°¼º ¼öÁöÀ̸ç, °ú°Å ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È ÁöÁßÇØ¿Í Áßµ¿ Áö¿ª ±¹°¡µé¿¡¼­ À½½Ä ÷°¡¹°°ú À§±Ë¾ç, ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå±Ë¾ç µîÀÇ ¹Î°£ Ä¡·á¾àÀç·Î¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. Á¤Ç⳪¹«¿¡¼­ ÃßÃâÇÏ´Â Æä³îÈ­ÇÕ¹°ÀÎ eugenolÀº zinc oxide eugenolÀÇ ±¸¼º¼ººÐÀ¸·Î Ä¡°úÄ¡·á¸¦ À§ÇØ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â »ç¶÷ÇôÆíÆò¼¼Æ÷¾ÏÁ¾¼¼Æ÷(SCC25 cells)¿¡¼­ õ¿¬¹°ÁúÀÎ CGM°ú eugenolÀ» º´¿ëó¸®ÇÑ ÈÄ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§ÇØ ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù.
CGM°ú eugenolÀÇ º´¿ë󸮰¡ ´Üµ¶Ã³¸®¿¡ ºñÇؼ­ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¼¼Æ÷»ýÁ¸À² °¨¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© MTT¹ýÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´°í, ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»çÀÇ À¯µµ¿Í Áõ°¡¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§ÇÏ¿© Hoechst ¿°»ö¹ý, TUNEL ¿°»ö¹ý, DNA hypoploidy¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç¿¡ °ü°èÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ ¹ßÇö º¯È­¿Í ¼¼Æ÷³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ À̵¿À» ¹àÇô³»±â À§ÇÏ¿© Western blot ºÐ¼®°ú ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»ö¹ýÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù.
º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â CGM°ú eugenolÀÌ º´¿ëó¸®µÈ SCC25 ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ ÇÙÀÇ ³óÃà, DNAºÐÀý, BaxÀÇ Áõ°¡¿Í Bcl-2ÀÇ °¨¼Ò, DNA¾çÀÇ °¨¼Ò, cytochrome cÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷Áú·ÎÀÇ À¯¸®, AIF¿Í DFF40 (CAD)ÀÇ ÇÙÀ¸·ÎÀÇ À̵¿, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-7, caspase-9, PARP, Lamin A/C ±×¸®°í DFF45 (ICAD)ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ­¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç Áõ°Å¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ CGM°ú eugenolÀÌ °¢°¢ ´Üµ¶ ó¸®µÈ SCC25 ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç Çö»óÀÌ ¹Ì¹ÌÇÏ¿´´Ù.
24½Ã°£ µ¿¾È 40 §¶/§¢ÀÇ CGM°ú 0.5 mMÀÇ eugenolÀ» °¢±â ´Üµ¶Ã³¸® ÇÑ °á°ú¿¡¼­´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç¸¦ °ÅÀÇ À¯µµÇÏÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸³ª, º´¿ëó¸® ÇÑ °á°ú¿¡´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Å¹¿ùÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»çÀÇ À¯µµ¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î º» ½ÇÇè°á°ú´Â »ç¶÷±¸°­ÆíÆò¼¼Æ÷¾ÏÁ¾ ȯÀڵ鿡°Ô CGM°ú eugenolÀÇ º´¿ë¿ä¹ýÀÌ »õ·Î¿î Ä¡·áÀü·«À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a natural phenolic constituent extensively used in dentistry as a component of zinc oxide eugenol cement and is applied to the mouth environment. Chios gum mastic (CGM) is a resinous exudate obtained from the stem and the main leaves of Pistacia lenticulustree native to Mediterranean areas. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic apoptotic effect of co-treatment with a natural product, CGM and natural phenolic compound, eugenol on SCC25 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line.
To investigate whether the co-treatment with eugenol and CGM compared to each single treatment efficiently reduces the viability of SCC25 cells, MTT assay was conducted. Induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by Hoechst staining, TUNEL staining and DNA hypoploidy. Westen blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were performed to study the alterations of the expression level and the translocation of apoptosis-related proteins in co-treatment.
In this study, co-treatment of with eugenol and CGM on SCC25 cells showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation such as nuclear condensations, DNA fragmentation, the increase and decrease of Bax and Bcl-2, decrease of DNA content, the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, translocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) onto nuclei, and activation of caspase-3, caspase-6 caspase-7, caspase-9, PARP, Lamin A/C and DFF45 (ICAD) whereas each single treated SCC25 cells did not show or very slightly these patterns.
Although the single treatment of 40 §¶/§¢ CGM and 0.5 mM eugenol for 24 h did not induce apoptosis, the co-treatment of these reagents prominently induced apoptosis. Therefore our data provide the possibility that combination therapy with CGM and eugenol could be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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Apoptosis;Chios gum mastic (CGM);Eugenol;Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line

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